More than 1 million tons of municipal solid waste msw are generated in asia every day, and this figure is expected to reach 1. Sources of solid waste msw, municipal solid waste, is the primary focus of this course, which excludes industrial, mining and agricultural wastes. These materials include items such as packaging, food scraps, grass clippings, sofas, computers, tires, and refrigerators. The municipal solid waste msw produced annually has begun to decrease, e. Emep 2004, us epas compilation of air pollutant emissions factors, ap42, fifth edition usepa, 1995, epa emission inventory improvement program technical. Composition of char char contains elemental carbon along with hydrogen and various inorganic species. Alsakkari 2, mai fouad 3 1 professor of chemical engineering, faculty of enginee ring cairo university, giza, egypt. At one time over 50% of the total consumption of cfcs in this country were for aerosols. Municipal solid waste energy information administration. To support municipal solid waste msw characterization efforts, epa conducted a scoping study on food waste and the methods by which they are managed.
Research efforts, in fact, have also been directed to the novel technologies towards the decomposition of organic waste. Cocombustion is a wastetoenergy technology that can use msw and coal as cofuels, offering potential energy recovery and reduced air emissions. Municipal solid waste generation, recycling, epa archives. Composition of solid waste component wet weight, lbpercent mc food wastes 9 70 paper 34 6 cardboard 6 5 plastics 7 1 textiles 2 10 rubber 0. There is also a variation between the municipal solid waste msw composition in the region of crete 20032004 and msw composition suggested in the national solid waste planning 2000 national. This report describes the national municipal solid waste msw stream based on data collected for 1960 through 2011. Garbage can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal.
It does not address hazardous and infectious wastes. The decision makers guide is a practical tool for a preliminary assessment of whether the key crite. Municipal solid waste composition determination supporting. Characterization of municipal solid waste in the united states. For these reasons, incineration tends to be a good choice only when other, simpler, and less expensive choices are not available. The world bank 2012 estimate for global municipal solid waste composition in 2009 is shown in figure 1. Meanwhile, the time has a great effect on the composition of msw.
This problem, however, is well known and can be dealt with by means of sound management and policy implementation. Montgomery county waste composition study summary of. Total msw recycling percent recycling trends in municipal solid waste in 2010 our trash, or municipal solid waste msw, is made up of the things we commonly use and then throw away. This research discerns how msw composition influences the heating value and air pollution for the cocombustion of coal with msw using five msw composition scenarios, four of which were derived by a reduction of plastics, organics, paper, or a combination thereof, as compared to the national average msw composition. Msw characterization methodology introduction this fact sheet and these data tables are the most recent in a series of reports and data tables sponsored by the u. Public health, occupational safety, and environmental. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Table 3 7 physicochemical characteristics of msw in india. Communities are faced with the challenge of developing wastemanagement approaches from options that include reduction of waste generated, incineration, landfilling, recycling, reuse, 11reuse refers to using a material more. Federal legislation provisions landfills may not be sited on floodplains, wetlands, earthquake zones, unstable land, or airports birds at site are hazard to aircraft landfills must have liners landfills must have a leachate collection system landfill operators must monitor groundwater for many specified toxic chemicals.
The ash that remains from the msw combustion process is sent to landfills. Composition of gaseous products co, co 2,ch 4, h 2,propane, propylene, butane, butenes, c5, ethane, etc. Msw assessment of students outcomes master of social. In addition, the source of municipal solid waste is important. Before starting to plan management activities, it is important to know as much about msw as possible. The endoflife sustainable food management sfm techniques presented in this scoping study include practices currently used as well as emerging technologies. Environmental fact sheet, municipal solid waste generation, recycling and disposal in the united states. Epa green book data download data dictionary august 31, 2019 2 27. Each year, epa produces a report called advancing sustainable materials management. The united states environmental protection agency epa regulates section 608 of the federal clean air act.
Estimation of chemical composition of a solid waste sample. It may include biodegradable waste, electrical and electronic waste, and composite waste such as clothing, hazardous waste paints, spray, and chemicals, and medical waste. Boulder county waste composition study 2010 pdf 57 pp. The burial of municipal solid waste in landfills is the most common disposal. Environmental protection agency epa in 1978, the epa banned the use of cfcs as aerosol propellants except for some medicines. Effects of urbanization on municipal solid waste composition. The council on social work education cswe mandates that accredited bsw and msw programs widely report student learning outcomes on several practice competencies. Sources, composition, and properties of solid waste 1. There is also a variation between the municipal solid waste msw composition in the region of crete 20032004 and msw composition suggested in the.
Use of municipal solid waste msw as fuel for electricity generation reduces landfill disposal and can mitigate air quality degradation associated with combustion of conventional fossil fuels. Recycling rates and composting rates are increasing. Gasification of nonrecycled plastics from municipal solid. Epa issued final new source performance standards for new, modified and reconstructed municipal solid waste msw landfills. Visit epa s landfill methane outreach program for additional information on how facilities recover energy from landfills. Environmental protection agencys epa waste management hierarchy. Gasification of nonrecycled plastics from municipal solid waste in the united states prepared for. Program potential manual and planning packet, published in 1997. The durable goods that epa studies for this report include.
It includes information on municipal solid waste msw generation, recycling, combustion with energy recovery and landfilling. Environmental, economic, and energy assessment of the. Municipal solid waste msw is a pool of various solid wastes by towns and cities from different types of household activities. Sources of msw include residential waste including waste from multifamily housing and waste from commercial and institutional locations, such as businesses, schools and hospitals. Municipal solid waste may contain a variety of pathogens, a source of which is often disposable diapersit has been found that as. New msw sampling and characterization methodologies. Sources, types and composition of municipal solid waste. General information structure and purpose of these guidelines a landfill is an engineered, inground facility for the safe and secure disposal of societys. A large share of the global msw is categorised as organic waste.
Epa publishes updated standards, guidelines for msw. Communities are faced with the challenge of developing wastemanagement approaches from options that include reduction of waste generated, incineration, landfilling, recycling, reuse, 11reuse refers to using a material more than once in its original manufactured. This methodology for estimating municipal solid waste msw recycling benefits is intended to provide a clear and complete explanation of the process used by epa to develop estimates of the benefits associated with municipal solid waste msw recycling. Incineration and open burning of waste 2006 ipcc guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 5. Minnesota msw composition study minnesota pollution. It comprises everyday items, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, batteries, and other consumerrelated product forms. Environmental protection agencys office of wastewater management and office of compliance. Their composition will be reintegrated into the final msw sample composition the remainder of the msw sample without 10 p. In the european union, the semantic definition is mixed. In addition to msw, the 2014 update study also included nrp. Environmental protection agency to characterize municipal solid waste msw in the united states.
This shows that 46% of municipal solid waste was reported to be organic waste, defined as food scraps, yard or green waste leaves, grass, brush, wood etc. The law requires the test to be a closed book exam. Methodology for estimating municipal solid waste recycling. Epa 600r93122 december 1993 public health, occupational safety, and environmental concerns in municipal solid waste recycling operations environmental criteria and assessment office office of health and environmental assessment u.
Nsf international gratefully acknowledges the following steering committee members for their invaluable contributions to the design and content of this guide. Alsakkari 2, mai fouad 3 1 professor of chemical engineering, faculty of enginee ring. The composition study study included field sorting events between september 27 and november 20, 1999. Recycling including composting is encouraged for these materials as well. Composition and characterization of municipal solid waste. Our role to be informed to be skilled to be certified to be in compliance the ozone layer. The agency has also issued revised guidelines for reducing emissions from existing msw landfills. The only outside materials allowed are a temperaturepressure. Municipal solid waste msw, commonly known as trash or garbage in the united states and rubbish in britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. Municipal solid waste msw is commonly known as trash or garbage. Using data from eia, the environmental protection agency epa, and fuelspecific btu values, eia determined two interrelated trends in the composition of the msw stream. Municipal solid waste msw incineration plants tend to be among the most expensive solid waste management options, and they require highly skilled personnel and careful maintenance. Municipal solid waste generation, recycling, us epa. Solid waste landfills, second edition 2016 1 part a.
The chemical composition of the ash varies depending on the original msw feedstock and the combustion process. Environmental protection agency epa characterizing municipal solid waste msw in the united states. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. A listing of all nonattainment areas grouped under common area names, including area classification, county counts, and 2010 census populations. Epa green book data download data dictionary august 31, 2019 1 export file. The table 3 7 gives the changing composition of municipal waste over the last two decades and is attributed to the changing life styles and increasing consumerism.
The historical perspective is useful for establishing trends in types of msw generated and in the ways it is managed. The reportfocuses on largescale incineration plants for large urban areas or intermunicipal cooperatives. Fact sheet, formerly called municipal solid waste in the united states. It includes information on municipal solid waste msw generation.
The report describes the national waste stream based. The epa franklin model the epa franklin model uses a materials flow methodology to estimate msw generationittraces the flow of materials from production, through consumption, and on to disposal. The materials composition of containers and packaging in msw in 2017 is shown in figure 17 of the 2017data tables, and additional containers and packaging detail is shown in figure 18. This chapter provides an overview of waste generation, waste stream composition, and incineration in the context of waste management. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. Generation, recovery, and discards of materials in msw, 2012 in millions of tons and percent of generation of each material includes waste from residential, commercial, and institutional sources. The main objective of this study was to determine the quantities of nonrecycled msw and plastics that are available for converting to energy or fuel, nationally and statebystate. Indiana university school of social work routinely collects and analyzes student learning outcomes at both the bsw and msw programs.
Decision makers guide to municipal solid waste incineration. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and. The epafranklin model the epafranklin model uses a materials flow methodology to estimate msw generationittraces the flow of materials from production, through consumption, and on to disposal. There are also construction and demolition debris, municipal sludge, combustion ash, mining and drilling debris, agricultural wastes, industrialprocess wastes including some sludge, hazardous waste, and others. Sources, types and composition of municipal solid waste msw management of msw solid wastes include all solid or semisolid materials that the processor no longer considers of sufficient value to retain. August, 20 updated september 20 printed on recycled paper.
The generation of waste as a result of urbanization is increasing at a rate surpassing that of urbanization itself hoornweg and bhadatata, 2012. Each of the products studied in each product category are compiled together on their respective pages. Solid waste chapter 11 understanding environmental. First, the heat content per unit weight of the waste stream has been steadily increasing. Municipal solid waste an overview sciencedirect topics. Epa waste characterization studies, and also a survey of. Together with the previous reports, this fact sheet and data. Waste sampling waste sample collection was performed on the transfer station floor during the operating hours of the facility and in conformance with astm d5231 92 2003, standard test method for determination of the composition of unprocessed municipal waste. Epa600r93122 december 1993 public health, occupational safety, and environmental concerns in municipal solid waste recycling operations environmental criteria and assessment office office of health and environmental assessment u. Pepper, in environmental and pollution science third edition, 2019. Municipal solid waste msw is but one of many wastes. Solid waste chapter 11 understanding environmental pollution. Environmental protection agency cincinnati, oh 45268 printed on recycled paper.
It is worth examining the changes in the composition of waste in india in the last two decades. Incineration and other hightemperature waste treatment systems are described as thermal treatment. Minnesota msw composition study minnesota pollution control. Present and longterm composition of msw landfill leachate. Epa certification exam preparatory manual 8th edition. Failure to comply could cost you and your company as much as.
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